Acinetobacter baumannii can cause infections in the blood, urinary tract, and lungs pneumonia, or in wounds in other parts of the body. During 2012 2015, we conducted laboratory and populationbased surveillance in selected metropolitan areas in. Acinetobacter baumannii is an opportunistic pathogen or coloniser of hospitalised patients, especially severely unwell patients on intensive care units. Acinetobacter baumannii resistance trends in children in. Acinetobacter baumannii is an important nosocomial pathogen capable of causing wound infections, pneumonia, and bacteremia. The very limited therapeutic options available for these organisms are a matter of great concern.
Task force on management and prevention of acinetobacter. Herein, we compared a type strain atcc17978, a nonclinical isolate dsm30011 and mdr strains of a. Carbapenem resistance among acinetobacter baumannii isolates is rapidly increasing and has been widely implicated in nosocomial infections and hospital outbreaks. Acinetobacter baumannii maintains its virulence after long. No specific guidelines exist addressing the prevention and management of a.
However, knowledge of the genomic aspects of crab from many parts of the world is still limited. Healthcare provider information sheet for acinetobacter. Atlanta, georgia estimated carbapenemnonsusceptible acinetobacter baumannii, 8 us metropolitan areas, 2012 2015. The recent increase in incidence, largely associated with infected combat troops returning from conflict zones, coupled with a dramatic increase in the incidence of multidrugresistant mdr strains, has significantly raised the profile of this emerging opportunistic pathogen. Comparison of tigecycline or cefoperazonesulbactam. Bahador a, taheri m, pourakbari b, hashemizadeh z, rostami h, mansoori n et al 20 emergence of rifampicin, tigecycline, and colistinresistant acinetobacter baumannii in iran. We report a cluster of highly resistant acinetobacter baumannii that occurred in a burn icu over 5 months and then spread to a separate icu. Acinetobacter baumannii, a nonfermenter gramnegative coccobacillus, was considered a lowcategory pathogen in the past, but has now emerged as a leading cause of hospital and communityacquired infections. Acinetobacter baumannii is recognized as an emerging bacterial pathogen because of traits such as prolonged survival in a desiccated state, effective nosocomial transmission, and an inherent ability to acquire antibiotic resistance genes. Environmental contamination by carbapenemresistant. Following their traditional role, the two component systems tcss present in a. Inhibition of lpxc protects mice from resistant acinetobacter baumannii by modulating inflammation and enhancing phagocytosis. It can be an opportunistic pathogen in humans, affecting people with compromised immune systems, and is becoming increasingly important as a hospitalderived infection.
Environmental contamination by carbapenemresistant acinetobacter baumannii. Acinetobacter baumannii resistance to amikacin showed the highest absolute increase in resistance rates 9. Use of adjunctive aerosolized antimicrobial therapy in the. This study aimed to define the taxonomic status of a phenetically distinct group of 16 strains that corresponds to acinetobacter genomic species close to tu, a provisional genomic species of the acinetobacter calcoaceticusacinetobacter baumannii acb complex recognized by gernersmidt and tjernberg in 1993. An acinetobacter baumannii, zincregulated peptidase. Acinetobacter baumannii named in honor of the american bacteriologists paul and linda baumann is a gramnegative, multidrugresistant mdr pathogen that causes nosocomial infections, especially in intensive care units icus and immunocompromised patients with central venous catheters. Ab5075, a highly virulent isolate of acinetobacter. In the context of this chapter, the term acinetobacter species refers specifically to acinetobacter baumannii and acinetobacter baumanniicalcoaceticus complex. First report of blandm1producing acinetobacter baumannii. Structural basis for acinetobacter baumannii biofilm. Overall, between 1999 and 2012, cephr and cr a baumannii isolates increased in children.
Defining genephenotype relationships in acinetobacter. Acinetobacter baumannii, multidrug resistance, resistant gene, genotyping. Signal transduction proteins in acinetobacter baumannii. Characterization of an acinetobacter baumannii lptd. Antimicrobial susceptibility of acinetobacter baumannii isolated from hospital patients wanutsanun tunyapanit a. Antimicrobial susceptibility of acinetobacter baumannii. Acinetobacter baumannii is a gramnegative, aerobic coccobacillus that belongs to a genus comprised of both environmental species and opportunistic pathogens.
The recent increase in incidence, largely associated with infected combat. Although the studies related to the animal infections caused by. Acinetobacter baumannii is a cause of healthcareassociated infections. Importance acinetobacter baumannii is the causative agent of hospitalacquired infections, including pneumonia and serious blood and wound infections.
Large randomized trials are required to define the role of adjunctive aerosolized antibiotics in gramnegative vap. Vertebrates have evolved mechanisms to sequester zn from invading pathogens by a process termed nutritional immunity. Acinetobacter baumanniia leading cause of nosocomial infectionshas a remarkable capacity to persist in hospital environments and medical devices due to its ability to form biofilms. Under the microscope, it looks halfway between a rod and a ball. Acinetobacter baumannii constitutes a dreadful problem in many icus worldwide. From january 2010 until february 2012, acinetobacter spp. Acinetobacter baumannii is a typically short, almost round, rodshaped coccobacillus gramnegative bacterium.
Efficacy of highdose nebulized colistin in ventilatorassociated pneumonia caused by multidrugresistant pseudomonas aeruginosa and acinetobacter baumannii. Biofilm formation is mediated by csu pili, assembled via the archaic chaperoneusher pathway. It can also colonize or live in a patient without causing infections or symptoms, especially in respiratory secretions sputum or open wounds. The worldwide distribution of carbapenemresistant acinetobacter baumannii crab has become a global concern, particularly in countries where antibiotic prescription is not tightly regulated. The most important mechanisms in acquiring carbapenem resistance in a. Nearly half of acinetobacter organisms from clinical cultures in the united states are nonsusceptible to carbapenem antimicrobial drugs. In addition to causing severe disease in hospitalized patients, a. A full list of acinetobacter species is provided in etable 3151. Acinetobacter baumannii an overview sciencedirect topics. The presence of acinetobacter baumannii outside hospitals is still a controversial issue. Acinetobacter baumannii is an emerging opportunistic bacterial pathogen of increasing concern due to multidrug resistance. Acinetobacter baumannii is an opportunistic bacterial pathogen primarily associated with hospitalacquired infections.
Methods surveillance catchment area surveillance was populationbased and conducted in 3 metropolitan areas in 2012. The objective of our study was to explore the extrahospital epidemiology of a. Two case patients developed infections classified as community acquired under standard epidemiological definitions, but wgs revealed clonality, highlighting the risk of burn patients for earlyonset. Acinetobacter baumannii is a bacterium that can cause a range of diseases. Summary carbapenemresistant gramnegative bacteria, in particular the acineto bacter baumanniicalcoaceticus complexandenterobacteriaceae,areescalatingglobal public health threats. Pdf acinetobacter baumannii is an opportunistic bacterial pathogen primarily. The acinetobacter superbug can cause diseases such as pneumonia and meningitis. It is a frequent cause of pneumonia and septicemia in immunocompromised patients. We retrospectively analyzed the effect of tigecycline and cefoperazonesulbactam therapies on the prognosis of patients with carbapenemresistant acinetobacter baumannii bloodstream infection crabbsi. Crabbsi patients receiving tigecycline therapy or cefoperazonesulbactam therapy between january 2012 and december 2017 was enrolled, and strict exclusion criteria were followed.
Clinical antibioticresistant acinetobacter baumannii. These strains have been isolated in different countries since the early. Antibioticresistant acinetobacter baumannii is associated with nosocomial infections worldwide. Acinetobacter baumannii is an opportunistic pathogen that has emerged as a prevalent source of nosocomial infections, most frequently causing ventilator. The effects of room type and cleaning methods volume 41 issue 2 anat or lerner, jalal abuhanna, yehuda carmeli, vered schechner. Extrahuman epidemiology of acinetobacter baumannii in.
Biofilm and antibiotic resistance in acinetobacter baumannii. The xray structure of the csuccsue chaperoneadhesin preassembly complex reveals the. From february 2012 to october 20, a total of 73 water samples, 51 soil samples, 37 raw cow milk samples, 50 cow meat samples, 7 raw cheese samples, and 379 animal samples were analyzed by. Hostmicrobe interactions that shape the pathogenesis of. Acinetobacter baumannii resistance trends in children in the. Efficacy of highdose nebulized colistin in ventilator. Gramnegative bacteria, such as acinetobacter baumannii, are an increasing burden in hospitals worldwide with an alarming spread of multidrug resistant mdr strains.
Accumulation of antibiotic resistance genes in carbapenem. Carbapenemnonsusceptible acinetobacter baumannii, 8 us. Acinetobacter baumannii is a notorious pathogen in health care settings around the world, primarily due to high resistance to antibiotics. Patients with pseudomonas aeruginosa and acinetobacter baumannii vap may have better survival with adjunctive aerosolized antibiotics, despite greater severity of illness and a greater incidence of multidrugresistant infection. Differential role of the t6ss in acinetobacter baumannii.